The Mechanism of Action of Oral Steroids

Oral steroids are synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of cortisol, a hormone naturally produced by the adrenal glands. They are commonly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in conditions such as asthma, arthritis, and autoimmune diseases. One of the key mechanisms of action of oral steroids is their ability to bind to specific receptors in the cytoplasm of cells.

Binding to Receptors

When taken orally, steroids are absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to various tissues throughout the body. Once they reach their target cells, they Anastrozole Mode of action bind to glucocorticoid receptors inside the cytoplasm. This binding activates the receptor, causing it to translocate to the nucleus of the cell.

Gene Transcription

Once inside the nucleus, the steroid-receptor complex binds to specific DNA sequences, known as glucocorticoid response elements (GREs), within the promoter regions of target genes. This interaction leads to the upregulation or downregulation of gene transcription, ultimately altering the production of proteins involved in inflammation and immune responses.

For example, steroids can increase the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins while decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This results in a dampened immune response and reduced inflammation in the affected tissues.

In addition to their genomic effects, steroids also exert rapid non-genomic actions that contribute to their anti-inflammatory properties. These include inhibition of phospholipase A2, suppression of NF-κB activation, and modulation of various signaling pathways involved in inflammation.

Overall, the mode of action of oral steroids involves a complex interplay between genomic and non-genomic mechanisms that ultimately lead to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. It is important to note that prolonged use of these drugs can have numerous side effects, including weight gain, osteoporosis, and increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, they should be used judiciously under the supervision of a healthcare provider.